Patients who are in acute hypercapnic/type 2 respiratory failure may need NIV to stabilise their situation. For those requiring acute NIV can be associated with a mortality rate of up to 50% within one year.

There are between 5000-6000 new TB cases every year in England (UK), with those in lower socioeconomic environments being most at risk.

Asbestosis is diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung as a consequence of exposure to asbestos fibres, resulting in various types of cancer.

Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) or Type 2 respiratory failure, is a failure of ventilation leading to acute hypercapnia with an element of hypoxia and can be life-threatening.

Asthma is a life-changing disease and (in the UK) about 3 people a day die as a consequence.

Here's a quick guide for identifying the signs of primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax.

"75 year old male, 2 day history of productive cough and fever. Increasing DIB and confusion." His blood gas shows acidosis and hypercapnoea, how will you manage him?

"41 year old male with increasing DIB over night, chest feels tight."

"A 14 year old girl is called through by paramedics with sats of 89% in air and wheeze. They have given a 5mg Salbutamol nebuliser with little improvement. ETA 5 minutes."

A 41-year-old male is brought to the ER by paramedics with the history of worsening SOB for last 6 hours.