Constipation is when hard stools are not passed regularly and become painful and is also a very common cause of abdominal pain in the ED.

Commonly affecting 2-4 infants per 1000 between 4-6 weeks of age when the pyloric muscle becomes thickened and obstructs the passage of milk into the bowel.

A cornerstone of neonatal practice is the concept that green vomiting is indicative of mechanical obstruction until proven otherwise.

Green bilious vomiting is an emergency in a newborn until proven otherwise!

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition resulting in inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, the results of which can be life-threatening.

Regular gut bacteria normally keep C. difficile in check. However, antibiotic use can disrupt this balance, leading to the bacteria multiplying and producing a toxin.

Hirschsprung’s Disease is a fairly rare (1:5000) congenital condition which (normally) affects the large intestine.

Intussusception accounts for up to 25% of all abdominal emergencies in children up to the age of five.

A six-month-old boy is brought to the ED by mum after screaming continuously for half an hour with no apparent cause.

A 6-month-old child is brought to the ED by her mum with a 3-day history of diarrhoea and vomiting.

You enter the cubicle and the patient is gone... what would you do?

21-year-old female, self-presented to ED with a 6-hour history of abdo pain and vomiting. She's had 2 loose stools.