Lightning Learning: Measles

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STOP!

Measles has a 90% transmission rate if unvaccinated and the airborne survivability of the virus = 2 HOURS!

Symptoms

• Discrete morbilliform rash (starting on the hairline) moving down the body

• The 3C’s (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis)

• Koplik spots on buccal mucosa

The Measles Timeline

Incubation (asymptomatic) = 10-21 days ⟶ Prodrome (3C’s, Fever, Koplik’s spots) = 3 days ⟶ Rash = 6 days

Contagious: 4 days pre/post rash

LOOK

Complications?

• Otitis media

• Diarrhoea

• Croup, Bronchitis

• Stillbirth/miscarriage if pregnant

RARE (but serious)

• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) 7-28 cases per 100,000 cases of measles

• Death

Treatment?

• Supportive treatment, Isolation to prevent spread and contact tracing

• Notify Public Health

Children in the UK have MMR vaccines at 12 months and 3 years 4 months. 1st vaccination offers only 80-90% effectiveness against measles. 2nd vaccination gives up to 97% → http://bit.ly/2Lij3Wj (CDC)

LEARN

• Measles: A Brief Historical & Clinical Review (DTFB)
• Routine Childhood Immunisation Schedule (Public Health England)
• Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (Post Grad Med Journal)